Navigating Altitude Sickness: A Trekker’s Guide
Posted by Rachit Gupta
Introduction
Few sights are more breathtaking and inspirational than a mountain peak. Yet, behind the innocence and majesty of one of nature’s wonders lies a sleeping evil, Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS).
Picture this: You’re amidst the awe-inspiring Himalayas, trekking towards the sky. Suddenly, your partner starts feeling a bit off – a pounding headache, a touch of dizziness. Sound familiar?
Chances are, it’s Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), a common companion for high-altitude trekkers. It’s your body’s way of saying, “Hold on, we’re climbing pretty high up here !”
Types of Altitude Sickness & Symptoms
Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) arises as altitude increases, causing a reduction in air density. Consequently, this diminishes the oxygen absorption capacity of the lungs with each breath. Altitude sickness can manifest in various ways, each presenting a distinct set of symptoms.
The risk of developing AMS is heightened by rapid ascent, insufficient acclimatisation, and individual susceptibility.
Let’s delve into the three primary types you should be aware of:
1. Acute Mountain Sickness (2500 M +)
Acute Mountain Sickness is a common condition that can occur when individuals ascend to high altitudes too quickly, typically above 2,500 meters (around 8,200 feet). It is a mild form of altitude sickness.
Symptoms:
● Headache or Muscle ache
● Nausea or vomiting
● Dizziness or lightheadedness
● Fatigue or weakness
● Difficulty sleeping
● Loss of appetite
● Rapid Heartbeat or Shortness of breath
Remember: Listen to your body. Even if it’s your first time, AMS can sneak up.
2. High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE, 3200 M+)
High Altitude Pulmonary Edema is a serious medical condition that can occur at high altitudes, typically above 3,200 meters (around 10,500 feet). It is a form of altitude sickness characterised by the accumulation of fluid in the lungs.
Symptoms:
● Shortness of breath, severe breathlessness
● Cough with frothy or pink-tinged sputum
● Fatigue and weakness
● Chest tightness
● A rapid heartbeat
Note: HAPE’s a rare but serious guest. Be extra cautious.
3. High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE 4300 M+)
High Altitude Cerebral Edema is the most severe and life-threatening form of altitude sickness. It occurs when there is an accumulation of fluid in the brain, usually at altitudes above 4,300 meters (around 14,100 feet). HACE is considered a medical emergency and requires immediate descent to lower altitudes and professional medical attention.
Symptoms:
● Severe headache
● Confusion
● Altered mental status
● Difficulty walking
● Loss of coordination
● Hallucinations
● Loss of consciousness
Urgent action required: HACE isn’t one to wait around. Seek help, pronto!
Prevention of AMS
Below are the tried and tested AMS Prevention Techniques. Every individual has his/her own capacity on that given day to fight with AMS, so please, do not panic as it would only make things worse.
General but Effective Remedies:
● Gradual Ascent and Acclimatization
● Hydration, Rest, and Diet
● Avoiding Triggers: Alcohol, Caffeine, Unprescribed medications
● Drop Altitude – Recommended 500 Mtrs to 1000 Mtrs
● Supplemental Oxygen and Medication (Diamox, Acetazolamide)
Local Tips for Dealing with Altitude Sickness
● Garlic Soup: A Natural Remedy
● Spicy Treats for Headaches
● Stay Active, Sip Warm Drinks
In Case of Severe AMS
Remember, your health is your greatest asset:
● Recognition is Key: If symptoms get severe, trust your instincts – it’s time for help.
● Consult a Pro: Always consult a doctor before taking any medication for AMS.
● Prep Ahead: A full medical check-up before your mountain adventure is a wise move.
Conclusion
We adventurers thrive on challenges. We push boundaries and conquer peaks, but we’re not invincible. Sometimes, nature throws us a curveball. It’s not about avoiding risks; it’s about knowing them & being prepared. Just because you didn’t have it on the first run doesn’t mean you will not have it on your next high altitude
adventure. Prevention is our shield against altitude sickness. And if it catches up, remember, descent is our best ally.
Stay healthy, stay safe, and keep climbing!
